Many theories attempt to explain the
name of this temple.One of them states that the name is probably derived from
the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the
slopes are located terraces.In addition there are some other folk etymology.
Suppose borobudur word derived from the words "the Buddha" is due to shift the sound to Borobudur.Another explanation is that the name is derived from two words "coal" and "beduhur".The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery complex and beduhur meaning is "high", or to remind the Balinese language means "above".So the point is a monastery or hostel located on high ground.
Historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation for a doctorate in 1950 found that Borobudur is a place of worship.Based on the inscriptions Karangtengah and Kahulunan, Casparis estimate Borobudur is the founder of the dynasty king of Mataram dynasty named Samaratungga, doing construction around 824 AD
The giant new building could be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani.Borobudur Development is expected to take half a century.In Karangtengah inscriptions also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhūmisambhāra.Kamulan term itself comes from the word meaning first place origin, the ancestral shrine to glorify,possible ancestors of the dynasty Sailendra.Casparis estimates that Sambhāra Bhudhāra Bhumi in Sanskrit means "Hill set ten levels boddhisattwa virtues", was the original name of Borobudur.
Suppose borobudur word derived from the words "the Buddha" is due to shift the sound to Borobudur.Another explanation is that the name is derived from two words "coal" and "beduhur".The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery complex and beduhur meaning is "high", or to remind the Balinese language means "above".So the point is a monastery or hostel located on high ground.
Historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation for a doctorate in 1950 found that Borobudur is a place of worship.Based on the inscriptions Karangtengah and Kahulunan, Casparis estimate Borobudur is the founder of the dynasty king of Mataram dynasty named Samaratungga, doing construction around 824 AD
The giant new building could be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani.Borobudur Development is expected to take half a century.In Karangtengah inscriptions also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhūmisambhāra.Kamulan term itself comes from the word meaning first place origin, the ancestral shrine to glorify,possible ancestors of the dynasty Sailendra.Casparis estimates that Sambhāra Bhudhāra Bhumi in Sanskrit means "Hill set ten levels boddhisattwa virtues", was the original name of Borobudur.
BUILDING BOROBUDUR
BUILDING DESCRIPTION BOROBUDUR
Borobudur Temple was built using stone Adhesit 55,000 M3Borobudur Temple building a pyramid-shaped staircase - stair steps with the rose in all - four sides (north, south, east and west)at Borobudur no room where people can not get in but could rise to the top only.
Width building Borobudur 123 MLong building Borobudur 123 MAt the turning point of 113 MAnd high building Borobudur 30.5 M
At the foot of the original stone Adhesit closed by as much as 12 750 M3 corridor undaknya.
Borobudur has the basic structure punden terraces, with a six-yard square, three round circular courtyard and a main stupa as a peak.Also scattered in all the court was several stupas.
Ten yard owned Borobudur illustrates clearly the Mahayana school of philosophy.Like a book, Borobudur describes ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.
The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama or "low desire".This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple.In addition to the closed structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story.A small portion was set aside additional structure so that people can still see the relief in this section.
Four floors
with walls berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu.
The floor is rectangular.
Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to break free from lust but still bound manner and form.
This level represents the nature among which, between nature and the natural bottom up.
In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues found in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls are not berelief.
This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not).
Circular floor plan.
This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana.
Statues of Buddha placed in a stupa covered with holes as in captivity.
From outside the statues were still vaguely visible.
The highest level that describes the lack of form is represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa.
Stupa described plain without the holes.
In the largest stupa Buddha statue ever found imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha, who disalahsangkakan as Adibuddha statue, but through further research there never was a statue at the main stupa, which was not completed sculpture was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times.
according to the belief that one statue in the manufacturing process is not to be tampered with.
Archaeological excavations carried out in the courtyard of this temple found many statues like this.
In the past, several Buddha statues along with 30 stones with reliefs, two stone lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government as it.
The floor is rectangular.
Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to break free from lust but still bound manner and form.
This level represents the nature among which, between nature and the natural bottom up.
In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues found in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls are not berelief.
This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not).
Circular floor plan.
This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana.
Statues of Buddha placed in a stupa covered with holes as in captivity.
From outside the statues were still vaguely visible.
The highest level that describes the lack of form is represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa.
Stupa described plain without the holes.
In the largest stupa Buddha statue ever found imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha, who disalahsangkakan as Adibuddha statue, but through further research there never was a statue at the main stupa, which was not completed sculpture was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times.
according to the belief that one statue in the manufacturing process is not to be tampered with.
Archaeological excavations carried out in the courtyard of this temple found many statues like this.
In the past, several Buddha statues along with 30 stones with reliefs, two stone lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government as it.
Borobudur
did not have worship spaces like other temples.That there are long hallways
which is a narrow road.The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by
level.In the halls is expected to conduct Buddhist ceremonies walk around the
temple to the right.Form of the building without room and terraced structure is
believed to be the development of a form punden terraces, which is a form of
original architecture from prehistoric Indonesia.
Borobudur structure when viewed from above form the structure of the Mandala.
Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the Interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.
Borobudur structure when viewed from above form the structure of the Mandala.
Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the Interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.
STATUE
Inside the
building there is a statue of Buddha - Buddha statue numbered 504 pieces
including the following:Buddha statue found in niches - niches: 432 FruitWhile
on the terrace - Terrace I, II, III totaled 72 FruitTotal: 504 Fruit
To be more clear arrangement - arrangement of statues of Buddha in the Buddha as follows:1. Step I teradapat: 104 Statue of Buddha2. There Step II: 104 Statue of Buddha3. There Step III: 88 Buddha Statue4. There Step IV: 22 Buddha Statue5. There Step V: 64 Statue of Buddha6. There Terrace Round I: 32 Buddha Statue7. There is a patio Round II: 24 Buddha Statue8. There Terrace Round III: 16 Buddha StatueTotal: 504 Buddha Statue
Buddha statues at a glance it looks like everything but the truth is there are very clear differences differences and distinguish from each other which is the hand gesture called Mudra and is characteristic for each statuehand gesture Buddha statue in Borobudur temple there are 6 kinds just for variety because variety mudra which had by facing all directions (North West and South East) at the Rupadhatu steps V and on the arupadhatu generally describe the same purpose that the mudras number there are five principalThe fifth mudra is Bhumispara - Wara Mudra - Mudra, Dhayana - Mudra, Abhaya - Mudra, Dharma Chakra - Mudra.
To be more clear arrangement - arrangement of statues of Buddha in the Buddha as follows:1. Step I teradapat: 104 Statue of Buddha2. There Step II: 104 Statue of Buddha3. There Step III: 88 Buddha Statue4. There Step IV: 22 Buddha Statue5. There Step V: 64 Statue of Buddha6. There Terrace Round I: 32 Buddha Statue7. There is a patio Round II: 24 Buddha Statue8. There Terrace Round III: 16 Buddha StatueTotal: 504 Buddha Statue
Buddha statues at a glance it looks like everything but the truth is there are very clear differences differences and distinguish from each other which is the hand gesture called Mudra and is characteristic for each statuehand gesture Buddha statue in Borobudur temple there are 6 kinds just for variety because variety mudra which had by facing all directions (North West and South East) at the Rupadhatu steps V and on the arupadhatu generally describe the same purpose that the mudras number there are five principalThe fifth mudra is Bhumispara - Wara Mudra - Mudra, Dhayana - Mudra, Abhaya - Mudra, Dharma Chakra - Mudra.
LION STATUE
In addition Borobudur Buddhist
statues there are also lions lions amount should be no less than 32 pieces but
when the count now dwindling due to various reasons the only big lion statue
located on the western side of the courtyard facing west as well - if I'm
keeping The magnificent Borobudur temple buildings and graceful.
STUPA
- Stupa ParentLarger than the stupa - other stupa and is situated in the middle - the middle of the top of which is mhkota of the entire building Borobudur monument,Stupa stem diameter 9.90 + M's highest peak called pinakel / Yasti Cikkara, located above and also trletak Padmaganda Harmika in line.- Stupa Hollow / OverlayThe meaning or overlay perforated stupa Stupa is located on the terrace I, II, III in which there is a statue of Buddha.In perforated stupa Borobudur whole number 72 Fruit, stupa - stupa is located at ArupadhatuI found 32 Terrace StupaTerrace II there were 24 StupaTerrace III are 16 StupaNumber 72 Stupa- Small StupaSmall stupa shaped stupa is almost the same as the other in the menojol only difference is the smaller size of the stupa of the other, as if - as if a decoration building Borobudur keberadaanstupa occupy niches - niches in step II saampai step to V, while in step I Keben form and partly in the form of a small number of small stupa Stupa there Fruit 1472.
RELIEF
At every level carved reliefs on
temple walls.These reliefs read clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old
Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning is daksina the east.These
reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs Jataka stories.
The reading of these stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate at every level, beginning on the left and ends on the right side of the gate.So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and toward the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
In sequence, the story on meaningful temple reliefs briefly as follows :
The reading of these stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate at every level, beginning on the left and ends on the right side of the gate.So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and toward the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
In sequence, the story on meaningful temple reliefs briefly as follows :
Karmawibhangga
In accordance with the symbolic
meaning of the temple on foot,reliefs that decorate the walls of a hidden shelf
illustrates the law of karma.Rows of relief is not a story series (series),but
in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation.Relief will
not only give an overview of the human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties
that will be obtained,but also human and reward good deeds.Overall a depiction
of human life in the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) that never ends,
and by Buddhism chain is exactly what will be concluded towards perfection
Lalitavistara
A depiction of the Buddha in a row
history reliefs (but not a complete history)which starts from the Buddha's
descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park
near the city of Banaras.Reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a
row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the
stairs.The 27 frames are describing activity, both in heaven and on earth, in
preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of Buddha
Bodhisattva as the candidate.The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha as
Prince Siddhartha arcapada, son of King Suddhodana and queen Maya of
Kapilavastu Affairs.Relief amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first
sermon, which is symbolically expressed as a Screening Wheel of Dharma, the
Buddha's teaching is called dharma which also means "law", whereas
dharma is represented as a wheel.
Jataka AND awadana
Jataka stories of the Buddha was
born as Prince Siddhartha before.Protrusion of the contents is the subject of
good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature.Indeed,
the collection service / good deeds is in the preparation stage of the business
to the level of the Buddha's.
While awadana, basically almost the same but the culprit is not Jataka the Bodhisattva, but others and the stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana godlike, and the book awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories.In the reliefs of Borobudur and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning they are in the same row without a distinguishable.The set of the best-known of the life of the Bodhisattva is Jatakamala or strands Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.
While awadana, basically almost the same but the culprit is not Jataka the Bodhisattva, but others and the stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana godlike, and the book awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories.In the reliefs of Borobudur and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning they are in the same row without a distinguishable.The set of the best-known of the life of the Bodhisattva is Jatakamala or strands Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.
Gandawyuha
Is a row of reliefs adorn the walls of the hall to-2, is the story of a wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for Top Knowledge of Truth by Sudhana.Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari.
ARCA BUDDHA
Apart form buddha in Buddhist
cosmology carved in the wall, there are many statues of Borobudur buddha
sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and showing mudras or symbolic hand
gesture given.
Buddha statue in niches Rupadhatu level, set by the line on the outside of the balustrade.Dwindling on the side of it.Balustrade of the first row consists of 104 niches, the second 104 niches, niches third row 88, row 72 niches fourth and fifth rows 64 niches.Total there are 432 statues of Buddha at the Rupadhatu.At the Arupadhatu (three circular courtyard), statues of Buddha placed in stupas berterawang (perforated).At first there were 32 yard circular stupa, stupa court both 24, and a third court are 16 stupas, all total 72 stupas.
Of the original number as many as 504 Buddha statues, over 300 have been damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument's discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector's item, mostly by foreign museums).
On the face of all these buddha statues look similar, but there are subtle differences among them, namely the mudra or hand gesture position.There are five classes of mudra: North, East, South, West, and Central, all based on five main directions of the compass according to Mahayana teachings.
Fourth balustrade has four mudras: North, East, South, and West,where each buddha statue facing towards the show typical mudra.Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and statues of Buddha in the 72 stupas on the upper court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Central.Each mudra symbolizes the five Dhyani Buddhas;each with its own symbolic meaning.
Buddha statue in niches Rupadhatu level, set by the line on the outside of the balustrade.Dwindling on the side of it.Balustrade of the first row consists of 104 niches, the second 104 niches, niches third row 88, row 72 niches fourth and fifth rows 64 niches.Total there are 432 statues of Buddha at the Rupadhatu.At the Arupadhatu (three circular courtyard), statues of Buddha placed in stupas berterawang (perforated).At first there were 32 yard circular stupa, stupa court both 24, and a third court are 16 stupas, all total 72 stupas.
Of the original number as many as 504 Buddha statues, over 300 have been damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument's discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector's item, mostly by foreign museums).
On the face of all these buddha statues look similar, but there are subtle differences among them, namely the mudra or hand gesture position.There are five classes of mudra: North, East, South, West, and Central, all based on five main directions of the compass according to Mahayana teachings.
Fourth balustrade has four mudras: North, East, South, and West,where each buddha statue facing towards the show typical mudra.Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and statues of Buddha in the 72 stupas on the upper court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Central.Each mudra symbolizes the five Dhyani Buddhas;each with its own symbolic meaning.